![]() ![]() The moderator analysis was used to explore the moderator of prevalence. Random-Effect models were used for our study. 42 studies with 266,888 participants were identified. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed for data abstraction, and the NIH tool was used to evaluate study-level risk of bias. The database PubMed, PsyclNFO, and Web of Science were searched for studies from 2010 to 2021. By doing so, we provide the basis for a comprehensive community bullying prevention program. We performed a meta-analysis to explore the unique and combined effects of CB and TB on adverse psychological outcomes in victims by conducting a joint study of both types of bullying. The co-occurring effects of cyberbullying and traditional bullying(TB) forms of bullying on adolescent mental health are unclear. The advent of new technologies has resulted in a brand-new type of bullying, cyberbullying (CB). The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s0078-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.īullying is a risk factor for the physical and mental health of adolescents. Intervention strategies against cyberbullying may need to include approaches against traditional bullying and its root causes to be successful. Cyberbullying extends the reach of bullying beyond the school gate. Cyberbullying creates few new victims, but is mainly a new tool to harm victims already bullied by traditional means. ![]() However, those bullied by multiple means (poly-victims) had the most difficulties with behavior (z = −0.94) and lowest self-esteem (z = −0.78). Compared to direct or relational victims, cyber-victimization had similar negative effects on behavior (z = −0.41) and self-esteem (z = −0.22) compared to those not involved in bullying. Twenty-nine percent reported being bullied but only 1% of adolescents were pure cyber-victims (i.e., not also bullied traditionally). Pupils completed an electronic survey that measured bullying involvement, self-esteem and behavioral problems. This study assessed 2745 pupils, aged 11–16, from UK secondary schools. But does it create many new victims beyond those already bullied with traditional means (physical, relational)? Our aim was to determine whether cyberbullying creates uniquely new victims, and whether it has similar impact upon psychological and behavioral outcomes for adolescents, beyond those experienced by traditional victims. Cyberbullying has been portrayed as a rising ‘epidemic’ amongst children and adolescents. ![]()
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